In the 20th century, science and industrial growth had a great impact on social consciousness, thereby having a significant effect on art and literature. After the First World War, bloodshed and colonialism changed the entire philosophical interpretation of life. The disgrace of humanity and its cultural norms deeply affected people. This led to a changed intellectual awareness and a reaction that resulted in new movements in the worlds of art and literature. Dadaism, Surrealism, etc. were born out of this reaction. Urdu literature, especially the short story, was also influenced by modern literary movements, which are discussed in the article.