This article traces the history of Pashto-Urdu lexicography and the development of comparative dictionaries between Pashto and other languages. It offers a critical analysis of Kher-ul-Lughat and Lughat-e-Afghani, two seminal dictionaries in Pashto and Urdu, highlighting their structural and lexical parallels. The study argues that Lughat-e-Afghani may be a reworked version of Kher-ul-Lughat. Additionally, it brings to light new and overlooked aspects of Qazi Kherullah’s life and contributions to Urdu lexicography, restoring attention to his original and authentic work. Overall, the article deepens our understanding of these dictionaries and their significance in the linguistic and literary traditions of Pashto and Urdu.