Bunyad - A Journal of Urdu Studies, Lahore University of Management Sciences - Lahore

بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو)

Gurmani Centre for Languages and Literature
ISSN (print): 2225-6083
ISSN (online): 2709-9687

طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ

  • Meraj Rana/
  • June 23, 2025
Reclaiming the Silenced Voice of the Ṯwaif: A Decolonial Reading of Umrāo Jān Adā
Keywords
Subaltern Studies, Postcolonial Theory, Gender and Coloniality, Courtesan Narrative, Colonial Modernity, Voice and Representation, Agency and Marginality, Urdu Literature.
Abstract

Mirza Hadi Ruswa’s Umrāo Jān Adā (1899), often called the first Urdu novel, depicts the cultural and social world of 19th-century Lucknow. This essay analyzes the text through subaltern and postcolonial theory, arguing that it negotiates voice, agency, and erasure under colonial modernity. Focusing on Umrao Jan, a courtesan marked by gendered and classed marginality, the paper draws on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of subalternity and Ranajit Guha’s critique of elite historiography to examine the politics of representation. While the novel appears to give voice to a marginalized woman, it does so through a male, upper-caste narrator, raising questions about authorship, authenticity, and the limits of subaltern speech. Rejecting the closure of the Bildungsroman, the narrative embraces ambiguity and irony. The essay argues that the novel’s importance lies not only in its literary form but also in its engagement with gender, caste, and colonial knowledge, placing it within key debates on voice, power, and silencing in South Asian literature.

References

Cecil, David. Early Victorian Novelists. London: Constable and Co., 1934.

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977. Eds. Colin Gordon, Leo Marshall, and Kate Soper. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

Ruswa, Mirza Muhammad Hadi. Umrao Jan Ada: The Courtesan of Lucknow. Trans. Khushwant Singh and M.A. Husaini. New Delhi: Orient Paperbacks, 1970.

––––. Umrāo Jān Adā. Aligarh: Educational Book House, 1985.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader, eds. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

 

Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1848.

How to cite

Rana, M. (2025). طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو), 16(1), 127–141. https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page

Retrieved from https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page

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ACM SIG Proceedings
[1]Rana, M. 2025. طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو). 16, 1 (June 2025), 127–141.
ACS Nano
(1)Rana, M. طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو) 2025, 16 (1), 127–141.
ABNT
RANA, Meraj. طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو), v. 16, n. 1, p. 127–141, 23 June2025.
Chicago (author-date)

            
Harvard (Cite Them Right)
Rana, M. (2025) “طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ”, بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو), 16(1), pp. 127–141. Available at: https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page (Accessed: 8 May 2026).
IEEE
[1]M. Rana, “طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ”, بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو), vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 127–141, June 2025, Accessed: May 08, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page
MLA
Rana, Meraj. “طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ”. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو), vols. 16, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 127–141, https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page.
Turabian (full note bibliography)
Rana, Meraj. “طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ”. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو) 16, no. 1 (June 23, 2025): 127–141. Accessed May 8, 2026. https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page.
Vancouver
1.Rana M. طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو) [Internet]. 2025 June 23 [cited 2026 May 8];16(1):127–141. Available from: https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page
AMA
1.Rana M. طوائف کی گم شدہ آواز کی بازیافت: امراؤ جان ادا کا ردِّ نوآبادیاتی مطالعہ. بنیاد (مجّلہ دراساتِ اردو). 2025;16(1):127–141. Accessed May 8, 2026. https://bunyad.lums.edu.pk/website/journal/article/68597cd8a109d/page

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Author(s):

Associate Professor, Department of Urdu, Halim Muslim P.G.College, Kanpur, India

Pakistan

  • merajrana@gmail.com

Details:

Type: Article
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Language: Urdu
Id: 68597cd8a109d
Pages 127 - 141
Published June 23, 2025

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